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Seedlings were planted in capped or uncapped perspex boxes containing sterile or non-sterile field soil and watered daily with sterile water or tap water. Seedling growth and development of mycorrhizas were monitored at monthly intervals for up to seven months. This study set out to determine whether dipterocarp seedlings could continue to grow and develop in the absence of mycorrhizas and also to determine possible sources of mycorrhizal infection of dipterocarp seedlings raised under laboratory conditions using Shorea acuminata as a typical example. Uninoculated dipterocarp seedlings raised in normal field soil in nurseries were always found to have mycorrhizas after a few months. Statistical analysis of the relationship between shrimp catch and annual rainfall showed a high level of significance at 1%. Lower rainfalls from July to September) adversely affected shrimp population and usually resulted in smaller populations (312 individuals). This initial increase in adult abundance enhanced the shrimp’s reproductive potential, while heavy rainfall indirectly assisted the recruitment of young shrimp into the estuary, their growth, and survival, to increase shrimp abundance in the following year. The marked increase in rainfall from 557 mm during the East Monsoon (June–August) to 1,225 mm in the second transition season (September–November) and West Monsoon (December–February) in the Segara Anakan region enhanced the seasonal movement of shrimp into the Zone IV fishing ground and produced an initial increase in the abundance of adults (CL>25 mm) in the region from 312 to 2,630 individuals. The effects of rainfall on the local distribution and abundance of shrimp in SAL, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia, were examined using the Anco method for three periods, namely: first period (i.e., commercial catch production, 1998–2011), second period (December 2010–November 2011) and third period (December 2011–April 2012) as part of a shrimp fishery and eco-biology study in this region. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of rainfall on the distribution of Penaeus monodon Fabricius in SAL and/or mangrove waters and to explain the cause of yearly fluctuations in this area’s fish catch during a 13-year period from 1998 to 2011. Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL) is widely known as a traditional fishing ground for many aquatic organisms and is located in Central Java, in an area with high rainfall rates. solanacearum. Both isolates were CP1C and CP2D with diameter of inhibition zone up to 3.6 and 7.0 mm, respectively. Based on the sequence of 16S rDNA, isolate CP1C was identified as Brevundimonas sp., while isolate CP2D was identified as Enterobacter sp. Both bacteria did not cause negative effect on the increasing plant height and dry weight of the plants, compared with control. Among 29 isolates producing siderophore and having negative result on hypersensitivity reaction, two isolates provided the widest diameter of inhibition zone toward R. The isolates were detected as siderophore-producing bacteria using CAS medium. solanacearum. Candidates of the PGPR were isolated from tomato grown in West Java Province, Indonesia. Ralstonia solanacearum is an important disease of tomato. An alternative method to control the disease is the application of biocontrol agents. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) could be used as potential biocontrol agents. PGPR with siderophores is among compounds having important role in disease suppression. This experiment was conducted to select and characterize the siderophore-producing rhizobacteria from tomato and to determine their potential as antagonistic agents for R.